刘紫祺;王仪;王秀;彭娜;杨姗姗;邵慧慧;焦晓林;高微微;
LIU Zi-qi;WANG Yi;WANG Xiu;PENG Na;YANG Shan-shan;SHAO Hui-hui;JIAO Xiao-lin;GAO Wei-wei;Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College;

• 1:中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所

摘要(Abstract)：

适当的光照强度可以提高药用植物光合作用，利于植物积累生物量，提高关键酶活性，进而促进次生代谢产物的合成。为了解不同光强对西洋参生长及品质的综合影响，该研究采用4种不同光照强度40、80、120、160μmol·m^(-2)·s(-2)·s^(-1)进行温室砂培试验，测定了三年生西洋参的生长指标、光合特性以及6个人参皂苷的含量，同时检测了人参皂苷合成相关酶基因在西洋参叶、主根、须根的表达量。结果显示，在80μmol·m(-1)进行温室砂培试验，测定了三年生西洋参的生长指标、光合特性以及6个人参皂苷的含量，同时检测了人参皂苷合成相关酶基因在西洋参叶、主根、须根的表达量。结果显示，在80μmol·m^(-2)·s(-2)·s^(-1)光照强度下，西洋参总生物量和净光合速率均最高；120μmol·m(-1)光照强度下，西洋参总生物量和净光合速率均最高；120μmol·m^(-2)·s(-2)·s^(-1)光强下的西洋参总生物量略低于80μmol·m(-1)光强下的西洋参总生物量略低于80μmol·m^(-2)·s(-2)·s^(-1)处理，但根冠比达到6.86,显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);此时，地上及地下部分总皂苷的含量均最高，推测与叶中FPS、SQS、SQE、OSC、DS、P450基因以及主根中SQE、DS基因高表达有关。此外，该研究发现，120、160μmol·m(-1)处理，但根冠比达到6.86,显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);此时，地上及地下部分总皂苷的含量均最高，推测与叶中FPS、SQS、SQE、OSC、DS、P450基因以及主根中SQE、DS基因高表达有关。此外，该研究发现，120、160μmol·m^(-2)·s(-2)·s^(-1)光强可触发皂苷合成上游基因的上调表达，促进叶片中PPD型皂苷合成。然而，西洋参在弱光(40μmol·m(-1)光强可触发皂苷合成上游基因的上调表达，促进叶片中PPD型皂苷合成。然而，西洋参在弱光(40μmol·m^(-2)·s(-2)·s^(-1))和强光(160μmol·m(-1))和强光(160μmol·m^(-2)·s(-2)·s^(-1))下，叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率均较低，地下物质积累减少；同时，主根中总皂苷含量下降，SQS、SQE、OSC、DS基因的表达量较低，而须根中皂苷含量与其合成酶相关基因表达相关性不强。综上，80、120μmol·m(-1))下，叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率均较低，地下物质积累减少；同时，主根中总皂苷含量下降，SQS、SQE、OSC、DS基因的表达量较低，而须根中皂苷含量与其合成酶相关基因表达相关性不强。综上，80、120μmol·m^(-2)·s(-2)·s^(-1)光强均有利于提高西洋参产量和质量。以上研究结果为西洋参栽培中的合理遮荫提供了理论依据，对通过光调控提高西洋参的产量和质量具有指导意义。
Appropriate light intensity is favorable for the photosynthesis, biomass accumulation, key enzyme activity, and secondary metabolite synthesis of medicinal plants. This study aims to explore the influence of light intensity on growth and quality of Panax quinquefolius. To be specific, sand culture experiment was carried out in a greenhouse under the light intensity of 40, 80, 120, and 160 μmol·m(-1)光强均有利于提高西洋参产量和质量。以上研究结果为西洋参栽培中的合理遮荫提供了理论依据，对通过光调控提高西洋参的产量和质量具有指导意义。
Appropriate light intensity is favorable for the photosynthesis, biomass accumulation, key enzyme activity, and secondary metabolite synthesis of medicinal plants. This study aims to explore the influence of light intensity on growth and quality of Panax quinquefolius. To be specific, sand culture experiment was carried out in a greenhouse under the light intensity of 40, 80, 120, and 160 μmol·m^(-2)·s(-2)·s^(-1), respectively. The growth indexes, photosynthetic characteristics, content of 6 ginsenosides of the 3-year-old P. quinquefolius were determined, and the expression of ginsenoside synthesis-related enzyme genes in leaves, main roots, and fibrous roots was determined. The results showed that the P. quinquefolius growing at 80 μmol·m(-1), respectively. The growth indexes, photosynthetic characteristics, content of 6 ginsenosides of the 3-year-old P. quinquefolius were determined, and the expression of ginsenoside synthesis-related enzyme genes in leaves, main roots, and fibrous roots was determined. The results showed that the P. quinquefolius growing at 80 μmol·m^(-2)·s(-2)·s^(-1) light intensity had the most biomass and the highest net photosynthetic rate. The total biomass of P. quinquefolius treated with 120 μmol·m(-1) light intensity had the most biomass and the highest net photosynthetic rate. The total biomass of P. quinquefolius treated with 120 μmol·m^(-2)·s(-2)·s^(-1) light intensity was slightly lower than that with 80 μmol·m(-1) light intensity was slightly lower than that with 80 μmol·m^(-2)·s(-2)·s^(-1). The root-to-shoot ratio in the treatment with 120 μmol·m(-1). The root-to-shoot ratio in the treatment with 120 μmol·m^(-2)·s(-2)·s^(-1) light intensity was up to 6.86, higher than those in other treatments(P<0.05),and the ginsenoside content in both aboveground and underground parts of P. quinquefolius in this treatment was the highest, which was possibly associated with the high expression of farnesylpyrophosphate synthase(FPS), squalene synthase(SQS), squalene epoxidase(SQE), oxidosqualene cyclase(OSC), dammarenediol-Ⅱ synthase(DS), and P450 genes in leaves and SQE and DS genes in main roots. In addition, light intensities of 120 and 160 μmol·m(-1) light intensity was up to 6.86, higher than those in other treatments(P<0.05),and the ginsenoside content in both aboveground and underground parts of P. quinquefolius in this treatment was the highest, which was possibly associated with the high expression of farnesylpyrophosphate synthase(FPS), squalene synthase(SQS), squalene epoxidase(SQE), oxidosqualene cyclase(OSC), dammarenediol-Ⅱ synthase(DS), and P450 genes in leaves and SQE and DS genes in main roots. In addition, light intensities of 120 and 160 μmol·m^(-2)·s(-2)·s^(-1) could promote PPD-type ginsenoside synthesis in leaves by triggering up-regulation of the expression of upstream ginsenoside synthesis genes. The decrease in underground biomass accumulation of the P. quinquefolius grown under weak light(40 μmol·m(-1) could promote PPD-type ginsenoside synthesis in leaves by triggering up-regulation of the expression of upstream ginsenoside synthesis genes. The decrease in underground biomass accumulation of the P. quinquefolius grown under weak light(40 μmol·m^(-2)·s(-2)·s^(-1)) and strong light(160 μmol·m(-1)) and strong light(160 μmol·m^(-2)·s(-2)·s^(-1)) was possibly attributed to the low net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate in leaves. In the meantime, the low expression of SQS, SQE, OSC, and DS genes in the main roots might led to the decrease in ginsenoside content. However, there was no significant correlation between the ginsenoside content and the expression of synthesis-related genes in the fibrous roots of P. quinquefolius. Therefore, the light intensity of 80 and 120 μmol·m(-1)) was possibly attributed to the low net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate in leaves. In the meantime, the low expression of SQS, SQE, OSC, and DS genes in the main roots might led to the decrease in ginsenoside content. However, there was no significant correlation between the ginsenoside content and the expression of synthesis-related genes in the fibrous roots of P. quinquefolius. Therefore, the light intensity of 80 and 120 μmol·m^(-2)·s(-2)·s^(-1) is beneficial to improving yield and quality of P. quinquefolius. The above findings contributed to a theoretical basis for reasonable shading in P. quinquefolius cultivation, which is of great significance for improving the yield and quality of P. quinquefolius through light regulation.

关键词(KeyWords)： 西洋参;光照强度;生长;光合特性;人参皂苷;人参皂苷合成相关基因
Panax quinquefolius;light intensity;growth;photosynthetic characteristics;ginsenoside;ginsenoside synthesis-related genes

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2021-I2M-1-031);; 山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目(2019JZZY020905)

作者(Authors): 刘紫祺;王仪;王秀;彭娜;杨姗姗;邵慧慧;焦晓林;高微微;
LIU Zi-qi;WANG Yi;WANG Xiu;PENG Na;YANG Shan-shan;SHAO Hui-hui;JIAO Xiao-lin;GAO Wei-wei;Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College;

DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220602.101

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